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ENG-WRI-A-04 · 通知/备忘录/报告

一、定位信息

项目内容
编号ENG-WRI-A-04
所属模块写作A · 应用文写作
难度★★★☆☆(格式重点)
考纲要求考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文,包括备忘录、报告等
考查重点格式规范性 > 内容完整性 > 语言准确性
建议用时15–20分钟

二、知识点讲解

2.1 通知(Notice / Announcement)

通知是一种面向公众或特定群体发布信息的应用文,在考研英语一中出现频率仅次于书信类。通知的特点是:信息明确、格式固定、语言正式。常见场景包括:活动通知、会议通知、招聘通知、比赛通知、讲座通知等。

通知的标准格式

                      NOTICE
                   [日期,右对齐或居中]

[正文第一段:背景/目的]
[正文第二段:具体信息/要求]
[正文第三段:联系方式/注意事项]

                                   [发布单位名称]

写作要点

  • 标题:NOTICE 或 ANNOUNCEMENT 居中,全大写
  • 日期:写在标题下方,通常右对齐或居中
  • 正文:语言简洁明了,信息要素齐全(What, When, Where, Who, How)
  • 落款:发布单位名称,右对齐(不使用个人姓名Li Ming,除非题目特别要求)
  • 语气:正式、客观、简洁

语言特征

  • 常用开头:We are pleased to announce that... / Notice is hereby given that... / All students are required to... / In order to..., we have decided to...
  • 常用结尾:For further information, please contact... / Those who are interested are kindly requested to... / Your active participation is highly appreciated.

真题回顾:2010年(招募志愿者通知)、2015年(演讲比赛通知)、2024年(通知)

2.2 备忘录(Memo / Memorandum)

备忘录是组织内部的沟通文件,用于传达信息、指示或记录决策。与书信不同,备忘录不需要称呼和结束语,格式更为简洁。在考研英语中考查频率较低,但大纲明确将其列为考查范围。

备忘录的标准格式

MEMO / MEMORANDUM

To:      [收件人姓名/部门]
From:    [发件人姓名/部门]
Date:    [日期]
Subject: [主题——简明扼要概括内容]

[正文第一段:目的/背景]
[正文第二段:具体信息/要求/建议]
[正文第三段:后续行动/联系方式]

写作要点

  • 头部四要素:To / From / Date / Subject 必须齐全
  • Subject行:应简洁概括全文主旨,如"Schedule Change for Weekly Meeting"
  • 正文:开门见山,第一句即说明写备忘录的目的
  • 语气:正式但比书信稍简洁直接

语言特征

  • 开头:This memo is to inform you that... / I am writing to let you know that... / The purpose of this memo is to...
  • 正文:Please note that... / I would like to remind you that... / It has been decided that...
  • 结尾:If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me. / Your cooperation is greatly appreciated.

2.3 报告(Report)

报告是对某项工作、活动或调查的总结性文件,在考研英语中考查频率最低,但需要掌握基本格式。报告通常分为工作报告(work report)、调查报告(survey report)、活动报告(activity report)等。

报告的标准格式

Report on [主题]

[日期]

[正文第一段:背景/目的]
[正文第二段:主要内容/发现]
[正文第三段:结论/建议]

                                   [报告人姓名/部门]

写作要点

  • 标题:Report on + 主题
  • 正文结构:背景→内容/发现→结论/建议
  • 语言:客观、正式,避免主观情感色彩
  • 数据引用:如有数据,应准确引用(如调查报告中的百分比)

语言特征

  • 开头:This report aims to present... / The purpose of this report is to summarize... / Based on the survey conducted among...
  • 正文:The findings indicate that... / According to the data collected... / It was found that...
  • 结论:In conclusion... / Based on the above findings, it is recommended that...

三、记忆辅助

口诀一:三种非书信应用文格式对比

"通知看格式,备忘看四要素,报告看结构"

  • 通知:标题(NOTICE)+ 日期 + 正文 + 单位落款
  • 备忘录:To / From / Date / Subject + 正文
  • 报告:Report on 主题 + 日期 + 正文(背景→发现→结论)+ 署名

口诀二:通知必备五要素(5W)

"What发生了啥,When何时办,Where在哪里,Who谁参加,How怎么联系"

口诀三:备忘录头部四要素

"To给谁,From谁发,Date什么时间,Subject什么事"

口诀四:通知与书信格式区别速记

"通知标题顶呱呱,NOTICE大写不落下;书信Dear打头阵,Yours收尾不能差;备忘四行跑不掉,To/From/Date/Subject排好队"


四、例题精解

例题1:通知——2015年真题

题目:Write a notice to recruit students for your university's volunteer program. The notice should include the basic qualifications for applicants and other necessary information. You should write about 100 words.

第一步:审题分析

  • 体裁:通知(Notice)
  • 发布者:大学(可用Students' Union或具体部门)
  • 内容:招募志愿者
  • 必须包含:申请人资格要求 + 其他必要信息(时间、地点、联系方式等)

第二步:要点拆解

  1. 标题:NOTICE
  2. 日期:具体日期
  3. 第一段:背景说明——学校将开展志愿者项目,现招募学生
  4. 第二段:资格要求(2–3条)
  5. 第三段:报名方式、截止日期、联系方式
  6. 落款:Students' Union / Volunteer Center

第三步:参考范文

NOTICE January 5, 2015

In order to promote the spirit of volunteerism and enhance students' social responsibility, our university is launching a new volunteer program. We are now recruiting enthusiastic students to join this initiative.

Applicants should meet the following qualifications. First, all currently enrolled undergraduate and postgraduate students are welcome to apply. Second, candidates must demonstrate strong communication skills and a genuine willingness to serve the community. Prior volunteer experience is preferred but not mandatory. Third, applicants should be able to commit at least 4 hours per week for a minimum of one semester.

Those who are interested are requested to submit their applications online at www.university.edu/volunteer before January 20, 2015. For further inquiries, please contact the Student Affairs Office at 010-12345678.

                 Students' Union

第四步:范文点评

  • 格式规范:标题NOTICE + 日期 + 正文 + 单位落款,完全符合通知格式
  • 信息完整:包含5W——What(志愿者招募)、Who(在校生)、How(在线申请)、When(截止1月20日)、联系方式
  • 资格具体:三条要求(在校学生、沟通能力+服务意愿、时间承诺)明确且合理
  • 语言亮点:promote the spirit of volunteerism、enhance social responsibility、genuine willingness、not mandatory

例题2:备忘录——模拟题

题目:You are the manager of a company. Write a memo to all staff to inform them of the change in working hours during the summer vacation. You should write about 100 words.

第一步:审题分析

  • 体裁:备忘录(Memo)
  • 写信人:公司经理
  • 收信人:全体员工
  • 内容:暑假期间工作时间调整

第二步:要点拆解

  1. 头部:To: All Staff / From: [经理姓名] / Date: [日期] / Subject: Summer Working Hours
  2. 第一段:说明备忘录目的——告知暑假工作时间变更
  3. 第二段:具体变更内容(新时间、起止日期)
  4. 第三段:注意事项或联系方式

第三步:参考范文

MEMO

To: All Staff From: Zhang Wei, General Manager Date: June 15, 2025 Subject: Adjustment of Working Hours During Summer Vacation

This memo is to inform you that the company will adjust its working hours during the summer period to provide a more comfortable working environment.

From July 1 to August 31, the office will operate on a revised schedule. Working hours will be from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM, with a one-hour lunch break from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM, instead of the usual 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM schedule. Please note that all departments must ensure adequate staffing during working hours, and any necessary overtime arrangements should be approved by department heads in advance.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding this schedule change, please contact the Human Resources Department at extension 8001. Your cooperation and understanding are greatly appreciated.

第四步:范文点评

  • 格式标准:四要素齐全(To/From/Date/Subject),符合备忘录规范
  • 信息明确:新旧时间对比清晰(8:00–4:00 vs 9:00–6:00),起止日期具体
  • 注意事项周全:提到值班安排和加班审批,考虑了实际操作中的问题
  • 语言亮点:revised schedule、adequate staffing、approved in advance、cooperation and understanding

例题3:报告——模拟题

题目:Write a report on a survey about students' reading habits. You should write about 100 words.

第一步:审题分析

  • 体裁:报告(Report)
  • 内容:关于学生阅读习惯的调查报告
  • 结构:背景→调查发现→结论/建议

第二步:参考范文

Report on Students' Reading Habits

June 20, 2025

This report aims to present the findings of a survey conducted among 500 undergraduate students regarding their reading habits.

The survey reveals several noteworthy trends. First, 68% of respondents spend less than two hours per week on extracurricular reading, with academic coursework cited as the primary barrier. Second, digital reading has surpassed traditional reading, as 73% of students prefer e-books and online articles over printed books. Third, fiction and popular science remain the most popular genres, while only 12% of students regularly read academic journals.

Based on these findings, it is recommended that the university organize more reading-related events, such as book clubs and reading challenges, to encourage students to develop better reading habits. Additionally, expanding the digital library collection could better meet students' preferences.

                 Student Affairs Office

第三步:范文点评

  • 结构完整:背景(调查目的和范围)→ 发现(三个数据发现)→ 建议(两条具体建议)
  • 数据支撑:68%、73%、12%等具体数据增强了报告的可信度
  • 语言客观:使用 The survey reveals...、Based on these findings... 等客观表达
  • 建议可行:读书会、阅读挑战赛、扩充数字图书馆,都是可操作的建议

五、考情分析

5.1 非书信应用文考查统计

类型出现年份出现频率备考建议
通知2010, 2015, 2024约3次必须掌握,格式是关键
备忘录尚未直接考查低频了解格式即可,以防万一
报告尚未直接考查低频了解基本结构

5.2 命题趋势

  1. 通知的考查频率有上升趋势(2010→2015→2024)
  2. 通知的场景越来越多样化:从志愿者招募到演讲比赛到学术活动
  3. 备忘录和报告虽然尚未直接考查,但大纲明确列出,不排除未来出题可能
  4. 格式正确性是通知/备忘录/报告得分的基础——格式错误直接扣分

六、易错点

易错点1:通知使用书信格式

错误示例:通知以"Dear Sir/Madam"开头,以"Yours sincerely, Li Ming"结尾 正确做法

  • 通知标题为"NOTICE"居中
  • 正文以陈述句开头,不需要称呼
  • 落款为单位名称(如Students' Union),不写个人姓名

易错点2:备忘录缺少头部四要素

错误示例:直接写正文,没有To/From/Date/Subject 正确做法:备忘录必须包含完整的头部信息:

To:      [收件人]
From:    [发件人]
Date:    [日期]
Subject: [主题]

易错点3:通知落款用个人姓名

错误示例:通知末尾署名"Li Ming" 正确做法:通知的发布者是组织/单位,应使用单位名称(如Students' Union、University Library等)。只有书信类才使用"Li Ming"。

易错点4:报告格式不规范

错误示例:报告没有标题,直接写正文 正确做法:报告应有标题(Report on + 主题)、日期、正文、报告人/部门署名

易错点5:通知/备忘录/报告的语气不统一

错误示例:通知中使用口语化表达(Hey guys, come and join us!) 正确做法:三种文体均应使用正式语体,避免口语化、缩写和俚语。通知可用"We are pleased to announce that...",备忘录可用"This memo is to inform you that...",报告可用"The findings indicate that..."


七、真题长难句拆解

原句(2020年真题阅读理解 Text 2)

"Universities are increasingly being asked to develop innovative approaches to teaching and learning that will produce graduates capable of navigating an ever-changing job market, yet many institutions remain resistant to fundamental changes in their curricula."

拆解分析

层次成分内容
主句主语Universities
主句谓语are increasingly being asked to develop
主句宾语innovative approaches to teaching and learning
定语从句修饰approachesthat will produce graduates capable of navigating an ever-changing job market
转折分句连接词yet
转折分句主语many institutions
转折分句谓语remain resistant to
转折分句宾语fundamental changes in their curricula

翻译:大学越来越多地被要求开发创新的教学方法,以培养能够在不断变化的就业市场中游刃有余的毕业生,然而许多院校仍然抵制对其课程进行根本性变革。

写作应用

  • 报告中可用此句式描述调查发现:"The survey indicates that students are increasingly being asked to develop... yet many remain resistant to..."
  • 通知中可用类似结构说明活动背景:"Our university is committed to developing innovative approaches to..."

八、写作模板

通知模板

                         NOTICE
                      [日期,居中]

[背景/目的]. [具体说明活动/事件].

[详细信息:时间、地点、内容].

[报名方式/联系方式/截止日期].

                                   [发布单位名称]

备忘录模板

MEMO

To:      [收件人]
From:    [发件人]
Date:    [日期]
Subject: [主题]

I am writing to inform you that ______.

[具体信息]. [相关要求或注意事项].

If you have any questions, please contact ______.
Your cooperation is greatly appreciated.

报告模板

Report on [主题]

[日期]

The purpose of this report is to ______.

[调查发现/工作内容,分条列出].

In conclusion, ______. It is recommended that ______.

                                   [报告人/部门]

九、来源标注

  • 教育部考试中心.《2026年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲》. 高等教育出版社.
  • 考研英语历年真题(2005–2025). 教育部考试中心.
  • 王江涛.《考研英语高分写作》. 群言出版社, 2025.
  • 潘赟.《九步搞定考研英语高分作文》. 浙江教育出版社, 2024.

考研全科复习资料 - 基于2026考研统考大纲